5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Probiotics, Functional & Baby Foods November 14-16, 2016 Orlando, USA

Damien Offner has completed his PhD in 2009 from Strasbourg University, France. He became University Hospital Assistant in 2013 and achieved a University Diploma in Hygiene and Sterilization in the same year. He has published several papers in this field.

Objectives: To elaborate and determine the efficiency of an ethical method, based on a thought experiment in ethics, on hygiene rules compliance for dental healthcare team members.

 

Study Design: A prospective study that assesses hygiene compliance in dental practice before and after a thought experiment in ethics, using two questionnaires.

 

Participants: 130 clinician students in dentistry of Strasbourg University Hospital (HUS), France.

 

Results: The results emphasize a better implementation of hygiene rules after the thought experiment in ethics, when comparing the relative frequencies of completed hygiene items. A Wilcoxon signed rank test shows significant differences between the first questionnaire and the second one after the thought experiment in ethics (p<0.001).

 

Conclusions: This ethical method provides efficiency on hygiene rules compliance, which makes it beneficial to implement. The benefits are for patients and for dental healthcare team members, since an improvement of infection control leads to a decrease of occupational hazards in dentistry. However, far from being an absolute unit method, this thought experiment in ethics appears to be an original, supplementary and complementary method.

Marcos Marques Rodrigues is Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology at University of Araraquara. He completed his Master’s Graduation in School of Medical Sciences at Unicamp- Campinas, Brazil in 2014. He is finishing his PhD in the beginning of 2017. His principal studies involve the evaluation of obesity and sleep

apnea.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between computed tomography findings and data from the physical examination and the Friedman staging system (FSS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

 

Patients & Methods: We performed a retrospective evaluation by reviewing the medical records of 33 patients (19 male and 14 female patients) with a mean body mass index of 30.38 kg/m2 and mean age of 49.35 years. Among these patients, 14 presented with severe OSA, 7 had moderate OSA, 7 had mild OSA and 5 were healthy.

 

Results: The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the FSS: Group A comprised patients with FSS stage I or II, and group B comprised patients with FSS stage III. By use of the Fisher exact test, a positive relationship between the FSS stage and apneahypopnea index (P=.011) and between the FSS stage and body mass index (P=.012) was found. There was no correlation between age (P=.55) and gender (P=.53) with the FSS stage. The analysis of variance test comparing the upper airway volume between the 2 groups showed P=.018.

 

Conclusions: In this sample, the FSS and upper airway volume showed an inverse correlation and were useful in analyzing the mechanisms of airway collapse in patients with OSA.

Dental practice has exclusively focused on providing procedures and the process of dental care. The only measure of outcomes that we have traditionally considered is the quality of the care or procedures provided to patients. Medicine, insurance companies and the federal government, are increasingly focusing on value of health care to patients. It is not how many tests for A1c are conducted but whether diabetes is being controlled. This is a new area for dentistry and requires that we start to reframe dental care and consider the consequences. A pivotal change required to implement this new model of care is to move away from developing traditional treatment plans to a new focus on “Comprehensive Patient Care Plan” when outlining the series of therapies deployed to manage dental and oral conditions in patients or populations. Traditional treatment plans list therapies for dental and oral health problems that should be provided, in an appropriate sequence, and in order of urgency. While this approach has been used successfully in dental practices all over the world, outcomes of oral healthcare have not been the target of care. Often outcomes of dental care are confused with quality of care. In order to achieve health outcomes, it is imperative that a new model for total disease management be adopted, with a focus on overall management of risk factors, risk-adjusted prevention and education, staging of disease severity to control early stages and treat extensive stages. The plan must start by defining the outcomes that patients’ value. For caries management, for example, the preferred outcomes may be to keep sound teeth from developing caries, medically manage early lesions so they do not progress to cavitation and restoring or treating all cavitated lesions. If these are the outcomes that dentists and patients want to achieve, then the process of care should include different staging of the caries process, risk management, detailed preventive plans and conservative restorative care. Compensation for dental care must also consider whether outcomes are achieved. This change will radically refocus dental care.

Associate Professor Trina Uwiera MD, FRCSC, MEd grew up in Saskatoon, studied at the University of Saskatchewan and graduated Medicine with Great Distinction. She subsequently trained in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery in Alberta. Trina completed a Fellowship in Pediatric Otolaryngology with Professor Robin Cotton at Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, USA. She is one of the few international graduates of this prestigious program. Trina was awarded the Charles Ferguson Clinical Research Award by the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology in 2007. She completed her Masters of Education in 2009. Trina works at the Stollery Children’s Hospital and several other institutions in Edmonton. She is an Associate Professor of Surgery in the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta. Her clinical and research interests included disorders of airway, voice, swallowing, management of hearing loss and medical education.

Probiotics are increasingly being used in clinical medicine to treat or prevent illness. This is also true in pediatric health as parents introduce probiotics in an effort to enhance their child’s health and wellbeing. At this time, in this burgeoning field, the effects of probiotics is largely self-reported, with few clinical studies specifically investigating the effect of probiotics in human disease in the upper alimentary tract. This oral presentation provides a comprehensive review of clinical trials and investigations to date in an effort to better delineate probiotic use in clinical medicine and the effects on human health.

Danielle has completed her B.Sc. in Microbiology & Cell Science in 2014 from the University of Florida. She is currently working on her Ph.D. focusing on the synergistic effects of a diet supplemented with natural phytophenols and probiotic L. johnsonii N6.2 under the supervision of Claudio Gonzalez.

Our lab has begun studying the interaction of Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 with the host since it was found to be negatively correlated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This lactic acid bacteria was more abundant in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the Bio- Breeding diabetes resistant rats when it was compared to the diabetes prone animals. A subsequent cross feeding assay demonstrated that diabetes prone animals orally inoculated with L. johnsonii N6.2 showed significantly lower T1D onset. Analyses of this strain has revealed two important characteristics: 1) its ability to release phytophenols from dietary fiber through the secretion of two strong cinnamoyl esterases. Phytophenols are natural antioxidants and can minimize the damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease GI inflammation. Gut inflammation is often a preceding step in the onset of chronic diseases. 2) L. johnsonii also has the ability to generate significant amounts of H2O2, controlling the activity of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO is an immunoregulatory enzyme that oversees the breakdown of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway. IDO contains redox-sensitive heme centers that are oxidized in the presence of H2O2. Lowering IDO, the rate controlling step of the pathway, prevents the breakdown of tryptophan into L-kynurenine, favoring the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Our current efforts are directed to understanding the gastrointestinal redox balance generated in the gastrointestinal system (H2O2 vs phytophenols) and the impact on modulatory host pathways.

Background: Obesity is a growing health-related problem worldwide. Both obesity and dental caries are important health issues with multifactorial aspects and both have been linked to dietary and lifestyle habits. Some studies have shown an association between body mass index (BMI) and caries in childhood/adolescence but limited data about such an association is available in adults. The primary goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and its relationship to BMI.

 

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Taif University Outpatient Clinic for adults who had a visit to the dental clinic. Baseline characteristics were obtained by the participating physician. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to determine the prevalence of dental caries. Information about healthy eating, smoking, exercise, sleep patterns, media consumption and brushing habits were collected.

 

Results: A total of 385 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 28.39 years, 72.8% were male, mean DMFT index score of 6.55, and 85.5% reported brushing their teeth at least once daily. 55.3% of participants were either overweight or obese. 42.2% demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries with no significant difference in BMI when compared to the low dental caries group.

 

Conclusions: A high prevalence of overweight/obesity and dental caries was observed among the participants. After controlling forpotential confounders like smoking and brushing habits, significant positive correlation between BMI and DMFT was observed.

Cerveira (João Carlos Cerveira Paixão) currently lives in Princeton, NJ, United States. He lectures Botox and Fillers worldwide in 4 different languages. Possesses dual citizenship (Brazilian and EU), In São Paulo Brazil, graduated in dentistry in 1997. Became Specialist in Oral Rehabilitation in 2000. In 2005 initiated an Start Up for an Italian company in Brazil, which subsequently received the invitation to move to Italy to direct and to coordinate Italian branches in 27 countries. This task entailed working with Regulatory Affairs aspects to the development of new products. In addition, responsibilities also involved the training of human resources, logistics, and sales management in many countries. After years exposed to this environment and the experiences accumulated DIFNE (Dental International Filler Neurotoxin Education), a nonprofit organization was created. The aim of DIFNE is to dissipate and train dentists world widely in the use of Botox and Filler.

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that are added to foodstuff in order to enhance the health of their host. Traditionally they have been used in dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. The improvement of technology has allowed advanced exploration of their use. One commonly reported feature is the antibacterial activity which consists of the inhibition of pathogens due to the secretion of bacteriocins. For this reason, some studies have suggested the use of probiotics as a potential alternative to the usual antibiotics which have been linked with the advent of resistant genes. Further studies have reported probiotics to have the ability to reduce lactose in dairy products, improve digestion as well serving as growth promoters in animals. Other reported beneficial aspects of probiotics include lowering cholesterol and the stimulation of the immune system by boosting the production of cytokine and increasing the IgA concentrations. In this paper we evaluate the relationship between the findings of different in vitro and in vivo research studies on probiotics, the current technological applications as well as prospective development on the use of probiotics.