Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Richard R E Uwiera
University of Alberta, Canada
Keynote: Butyrate supplementation improves the intestinal health of mice challenged with Citrobacter rodentium
Time : 10:00-10:50
Biography:
Richard R. E. Uwiera completed his DVM and PhD in Veterinary Pathology at the University of Saskatchewan and is currently working as Veterinary Pathologist and Associate Professor within the Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences at University of Alberta, Canada. He has published more than 40 manuscripts and 2 book chapters and serves as an editorial board member for an international agricultural journal and prior to working at the University of Alberta; he practiced as a mixed animal veterinary practitioner prior in Western Canada.
Abstract:
Production of short chain volatile fatty acids (SCFA) by bacterial fermentation of complex carbohydrates within the colon is essential for the intestinal function and health. Butyrate is a one of the key SCFA produced through fermentation and is not only considered the primary energy source for colonocytes, but influences the presence of populations bacteria within the intestinal microbiome and effects host intestinal immune function by mechanisms that are currently not well understood. This investigation examined the effects of rectally administered butyrate on the intestine of mice following challenge with Citrobacter rodentium- a bacterial inducer of intestinal inflammation. Mice treated with butyrate had improved weight gain, reduced histological scores of intestinal injury and increased expression of gene products that were important in resolving the bacterial infection (Th1, Th17, Treg), improving barrier function and enhancing mucosal repair (Muc2, RELMβ, TFF3). The butyrate treated mice also changed the abundance of populations of Proteobacteria, of Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae bacteria. Collectively this study demonstrated that butyrate supplementation improved the intestinal health in mice challenged with Citrobacter rodentium.
Keynote Forum
Joao Cerveira
Universidade de Santo Amaro, Brazil
Keynote: The effects of botulinum neurotoxin
Time : 11:10-11:50
Biography:
Cerveira (João Carlos Cerveira Paixão) currently lives in Princeton, NJ, United States. He lectures Botox and Fillers worldwide in 4 different languages. Possesses dual citizenship (Brazilian and EU), In São Paulo Brazil, graduated in dentistry in 1997. Became Specialist in Oral Rehabilitation in 2000. In 2005 initiated an Start Up for an Italian company in Brazil, which subsequently received the invitation to move to Italy to direct and to coordinate Italian branches in 27 countries. This task entailed working with Regulatory Affairs aspects to the development of new products. In addition, responsibilities also involved the training of human resources, logistics, and sales management in many countries. After years exposed to this environment and the experiences accumulated DIFNE (Dental International Filler Neurotoxin Education), a nonprofit organization was created. The aim of DIFNE is to dissipate and train dentists world widely in the use of Botox and Filler.
Abstract:
The effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) on masseter muscles, when injected for cosmetic purposes (volumetric reduction) or treatment of excessive muscle activity (bruxism), have been investigated. Patients expect their dentist, not their physician, to offer a treatment plan that provides not only restorative dental health, but one that also includes a comprehensive approach to optimal appearance. The dentist is the treatment coordinator. It is not a question of whether the dentist should be aware of perioral esthetics; the dentist should be the key professional component. The contemporaneous question that mandates this dialectic discourse is: how active should the dentist be in the actual treatment of the perioral structures in the pursuit of the optimal smile and facial form? Any reasonable, sustainable conclusion requires objective analysis. What parameters should determine whether the dentist can adeptly perform tasks associated with esthetic extraoral facial procedures hereto for relegated to the physician or their delegate? In conclusion, the dentist is as well trained if not better trained than their medical counterparts to administer dental-related neurotoxins and injectable fillers. It should not be imposed nor should it be expected that every dentist should offer these services. However, certainly, they should not be denied the right based on arbitrary and capricious restrictions emanating from little more than turf protection. From our earliest training in oral diagnosis, we are exhorted to afford our patients a diagnosis and treatment plan that considers the indications, limitations, and alternatives for remedy
- Oral Implantology, Current Concepts in Oral Health, Probiotics
Location: Orlando, USA
Session Introduction
Trina Uwiera
University of Alberta, Canada
Title: Probiotics in the Upper Alimentary Tract – The Evidence to Date
Biography:
Associate Professor Trina Uwiera MD, FRCSC, MEd grew up in Saskatoon, studied at the University of Saskatchewan and graduated Medicine with Great Distinction. She subsequently trained in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery in Alberta. Trina completed a Fellowship in Pediatric Otolaryngology with Professor Robin Cotton at Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, USA. She is one of the few international graduates of this prestigious program. Trina was awarded the Charles Ferguson Clinical Research Award by the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology in 2007. She completed her Masters of Education in 2009. Trina works at the Stollery Children’s Hospital and several other institutions in Edmonton. She is an Associate Professor of Surgery in the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta. Her clinical and research interests included disorders of airway, voice, swallowing, management of hearing loss and medical education.
Abstract:
Probiotics are increasingly being used in clinical medicine to treat or prevent illness. This is also true in pediatric health as parents introduce probiotics in an effort to enhance their child’s health and wellbeing. At this time, in this burgeoning field, the effects of probiotics is largely self-reported, with few clinical studies specifically investigating the effect of probiotics in human disease in the upper alimentary tract. This oral presentation provides a comprehensive review of clinical trials and investigations to date in an effort to better delineate probiotic use in clinical medicine and the effects on human health.
Danielle N Kling
University of Florida Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, USA
Title: Effects of probiotic lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 on the progression of host gastrointestinal inflammation
Biography:
Danielle has completed her B.Sc. in Microbiology & Cell Science in 2014 from the University of Florida. She is currently working on her Ph.D. focusing on the synergistic effects of a diet supplemented with natural phytophenols and probiotic L. johnsonii N6.2 under the supervision of Claudio Gonzalez.
Abstract:
Our lab has begun studying the interaction of Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 with the host since it was found to be negatively correlated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This lactic acid bacteria was more abundant in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the Bio- Breeding diabetes resistant rats when it was compared to the diabetes prone animals. A subsequent cross feeding assay demonstrated that diabetes prone animals orally inoculated with L. johnsonii N6.2 showed significantly lower T1D onset. Analyses of this strain has revealed two important characteristics: 1) its ability to release phytophenols from dietary fiber through the secretion of two strong cinnamoyl esterases. Phytophenols are natural antioxidants and can minimize the damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease GI inflammation. Gut inflammation is often a preceding step in the onset of chronic diseases. 2) L. johnsonii also has the ability to generate significant amounts of H2O2, controlling the activity of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO is an immunoregulatory enzyme that oversees the breakdown of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway. IDO contains redox-sensitive heme centers that are oxidized in the presence of H2O2. Lowering IDO, the rate controlling step of the pathway, prevents the breakdown of tryptophan into L-kynurenine, favoring the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Our current efforts are directed to understanding the gastrointestinal redox balance generated in the gastrointestinal system (H2O2 vs phytophenols) and the impact on modulatory host pathways.
Moustafa Abdel Wahab
Moustafa Abdel Wahab, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
Title: The association between body mass index and dental caries: Cross-sectional study
Biography:
Abstract:
Background: Obesity is a growing health-related problem worldwide. Both obesity and dental caries are important health issues with multifactorial aspects and both have been linked to dietary and lifestyle habits. Some studies have shown an association between body mass index (BMI) and caries in childhood/adolescence but limited data about such an association is available in adults. The primary goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and its relationship to BMI.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Taif University Outpatient Clinic for adults who had a visit to the dental clinic. Baseline characteristics were obtained by the participating physician. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to determine the prevalence of dental caries. Information about healthy eating, smoking, exercise, sleep patterns, media consumption and brushing habits were collected.
Results: A total of 385 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 28.39 years, 72.8% were male, mean DMFT index score of 6.55, and 85.5% reported brushing their teeth at least once daily. 55.3% of participants were either overweight or obese. 42.2% demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries with no significant difference in BMI when compared to the low dental caries group.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of overweight/obesity and dental caries was observed among the participants. After controlling forpotential confounders like smoking and brushing habits, significant positive correlation between BMI and DMFT was observed.
Steven Manzi
Vaal University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Current applications and future prospective
Biography:
Cerveira (João Carlos Cerveira Paixão) currently lives in Princeton, NJ, United States. He lectures Botox and Fillers worldwide in 4 different languages. Possesses dual citizenship (Brazilian and EU), In São Paulo Brazil, graduated in dentistry in 1997. Became Specialist in Oral Rehabilitation in 2000. In 2005 initiated an Start Up for an Italian company in Brazil, which subsequently received the invitation to move to Italy to direct and to coordinate Italian branches in 27 countries. This task entailed working with Regulatory Affairs aspects to the development of new products. In addition, responsibilities also involved the training of human resources, logistics, and sales management in many countries. After years exposed to this environment and the experiences accumulated DIFNE (Dental International Filler Neurotoxin Education), a nonprofit organization was created. The aim of DIFNE is to dissipate and train dentists world widely in the use of Botox and Filler.
Abstract:
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that are added to foodstuff in order to enhance the health of their host. Traditionally they have been used in dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. The improvement of technology has allowed advanced exploration of their use. One commonly reported feature is the antibacterial activity which consists of the inhibition of pathogens due to the secretion of bacteriocins. For this reason, some studies have suggested the use of probiotics as a potential alternative to the usual antibiotics which have been linked with the advent of resistant genes. Further studies have reported probiotics to have the ability to reduce lactose in dairy products, improve digestion as well serving as growth promoters in animals. Other reported beneficial aspects of probiotics include lowering cholesterol and the stimulation of the immune system by boosting the production of cytokine and increasing the IgA concentrations. In this paper we evaluate the relationship between the findings of different in vitro and in vivo research studies on probiotics, the current technological applications as well as prospective development on the use of probiotics.
Suman Singh
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
Title: Study of extracellular enzymes of Pediococcus acidilactici: An approach towards understanding of action molecules of Probiotics
Biography:
Suman Singh is presently working as an Associate Professor, Dept of Biochemistry Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. She did her master’s from National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India) and subsequently did Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. For the last 13 years, she is teaching at post graduate level and guiding research. She has also worked at the German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrucke, Germany. She has completed two research projects and currently running a Young Scientist Award cum research project funded by Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi India. She has published more than 30 research papers in accredited scientific Journals. She is working on Pediococcus species for exploring its probiotic potential and probioceuticals which can also be used in dairy, food and meat industries. Her focus is to find out action molecules and biomarkers of probiotics.
Abstract:
Pediococcus acidilactici is a Gram positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) being used as a starter culture in dairy and meat industry to balance the microflora. It’s in vitro studies confirmed all the basic probiotic attributes. A range of proteolytic activites and β-galactosidase activity confer probiotic as well as industrial significance to P. acidilactici. It’s resistance to lysozyme suggest its usefulness for new born and infants being fed on mother’s milk. Recent studies were focused on extracellular enzymes of Pediococcus acidilactici. Peptidoglycan hydrolyses (PGHs) were partially purified and characterized. Spectrum of PGHs was studied in renaturing SDS-PAGE by varying substrates (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus albus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus). PGH band intensity decreased in the presence of NaCl whereas additional lytic bands appeared in the presence of EDTA. PGHs also exhibited broad growth inhibiting spectrum against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. They can be used in controlling harmful and pathogenic bacteria. PGHs studied under different conditions ranged within 11 to 50 KDa which was also confirmed by genome mining studies using bioinformatics. DPP-II, an exopeptidase was purified and characterized. This was 38.7 KDa homodimer that worked optimally at pH 7.0 and 370 C and retained more than 90% activity at 500C. TLC and HPLC analysis of DPP-II treated collagen revealed release of free amino acids and different metabolites of biological significance. Microscopic analyses of DPP II treated chicken’s chest muscles (meat) revealed change and hydrolysis of myofibrils thereby suggesting the possible role of this strain in affecting the flavor and texture of meat. Being protein of LAB, it is also expected to be safe. Future studies are in progress for gaining insight in mechanism of action of this probiotic as well as biochemical, molecular and metabolic characterization of this strain.